@article {KNZ001460,
	title = {Woody encroachment decreases diversity across North American grasslands and savannas},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {697 -703},
	abstract = {<p>Woody encroachment is a widespread and acute phenomenon affecting grasslands and savannas worldwide. We performed a meta-analysis of 29 studies from 13 different grassland/savanna communities in North America to determine the consequences of woody encroachment on plant species richness. In all 13 communities, species richness declined with woody plant encroachment (average decline = 45\%). Species richness declined more in communities with higher precipitation (r2 = 0.81) and where encroachment was associated with a greater change in annual net primary productivity (ANPP; r2 = 0.69). Based on the strong positive correlation between precipitation and ANPP following encroachment (r2 = 0.87), we hypothesize that these relationships occur because water-limited woody plants experience a greater physiological and demographic release as precipitation increases. The observed relationship between species richness and ANPP provides support for the theoretical expectation that a trade-off occurs between richness and productivity in herbaceous communities. We conclude that woody plant encroachment leads to significant declines in species richness in North American grassland/savanna communities.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1890/11-1199.1},
	url = {https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1890/11-1199.1},
	author = {Z. Ratajczak and Jesse B. Nippert and Scott. L. Collins}
}
