@article {KNZ001890,
	title = {Advancing theories of ecosystem development through Long-Term Ecological Research},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {554{\textendash}562},
	abstract = {<p>Decades of place-based, long-term ecological research have generated important insights into patterns and processes among ecosystems. Here, we extend a theoretical framework based on Odum\&$\#$39;s \&ldquo;strategy of ecosystem development\&rdquo;\&mdash;which predicted distinct attributes of developing and mature ecosystems\&mdash;in the context of more recent theoretical advancements that predict how long-term changes in the presses (long-term, gradual changes) and pulses (abrupt changes) of drivers that regulate ecosystem functions (press\&ndash;pulse regimes) can influence their trajectories of development. Our modifications to ecosystem development theories (a) illustrate how press\&ndash;pulse regimes can cause ecosystems to continue to develop or oscillate around a stable state (pulsed stability) or cause them to decline if the press\&ndash;pulse regime changes faster than species and communities can adapt, (b) use examples from long-term ecological research of how attributes interact to affect development, and (c) suggest how revised and new theoretical frameworks can integrate long-term ecological research and observatory networks.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1093/biosci/biy070},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/biosci/biy070/5051780?redirectedFrom=fulltext},
	author = {Kominoski, J.S. and Gaiser, E.E. and S.G. Baer}
}
