@article {KNZ001016,
	title = {A comparison of the species-timerelationship across ecosystems and taxonomic groups},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {185 -195},
	abstract = {The species{\textendash}time relationship (STR) describes how the species richness of a community increases with the time span over which the community is observed. This pattern has numerous implications for both theory and conservation in much the same way as the species{\textendash}area relationship (SAR). However, the STR has received much less attention and to date only a handful of papers have been published on the pattern. Here we gather together 984 community time-series, representing 15 study areas and nine taxonomic groups, and evaluate their STRs in order to assess the generality of the STR, its consistency across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, its functional form, and its relationship to local species richness. In general, STRs were surprisingly similar across major taxonomic groups and ecosystem types. STRs tended to be well fit by both power and logarithmic functions, and power function exponents typically ranged between 0.2 and 0.4. Communities with high richness tended to have lower STR exponents, suggesting that factors increasing richness may simultaneously decrease turnover in ecological systems. Our results suggest that the STR is as fundamental an ecological pattern as the SAR, and raise questions about the general processes underlying this pattern. They also highlight the dynamic nature of most species assemblages, and the need to incorporate time scale in both basic and applied research on species richness patterns.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.14223.x},
	author = {White, E.P. and P. Adler and Lauenroth, W.K. and Gill, R.A. and Greenberg, D. and Kaufman, D.M. and Rassweiler, A. and Rusak, J.A. and M. A. Smith and Steinbeck, J. and Waide, R.B. and Yao, J.}
}
@article {KNZ001008,
	title = {Evidence for a general species-time-area relationship},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {2032 -2039},
	abstract = {The species{\textendash}area relationship (SAR) plays a central role in biodiversity research, and recent work has increased awareness of its temporal analogue, the species{\textendash} time relationship (STR). Here we provide evidence for a general species{\textendash}time{\textendash}area relationship (STAR), in which species number is a function of the area and time span of sampling, as well as their interaction. For eight assemblages, ranging from lake zooplankton to desert rodents, this model outperformed a sampling-based model and two simpler models in which area and time had independent effects. In every case, the interaction term was negative, meaning that rates of species accumulation in space decreased with the time span of sampling, while species accumulation rates in time decreased with area sampled. Although questions remain about its precise functional form, the STAR provides a tool for scaling species richness across time and space, for comparing the relative rates of species turnover in space and time at different scales of sampling, and for rigorous testing of mechanisms proposed to drive community dynamics. Our results show that the SAR and STR are not separate relationships but two dimensions of one unified pattern.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1890/05-0067},
	author = {P. Adler and White, E.P. and Lauenroth, W.K. and Kaufman, D.M. and Rassweiler, A. and Rusak, J.A.}
}
