@article {KNZ00547,
	title = {Effects of bison grazing, fire and topography on floristic diversity in tallgrass prairie},
	journal = {Journal of Range Management},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {413 -420},
	abstract = {Grazed and ungrazed sites subjected to different fire frequencies were sampled on the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area in northeast Kansas after 4 years of bison grazing (1987-1991). The objective was to study effects of bison grazing on plant species composition and diversity components (plant species richness, equitability, and spatial heterogeneity) in sites of contrasting fire frequency. Cover and frequency of cool-season graminoids (e.g. Poa pratensis L., Agropyron smithii Rydb., Carex spp.) and some forbs (e.g. Aster ericoides [A. Gray] Howell, and Oxalis stricta L.) were consistently higher in sites grazed by bison than in ungrazed exclosures, whereas the dominant warm-season grasses (Andropogon gerardii Vitman, Sorghastrum nutans [L.] Nash, Panicum virgatum L., Schizachyrium scoparium [Michx.] Nash) and other forbs (e.g. Solidago missouriensis Nutt.) decreased in response to bison. Plant species diversity (H') and spatial heterogeneity in all areas sampled were significantly increased by bison. Increased heterogeneity and mean species richness in grazed prairie (40 species per sample site) compared to ungrazed prairie (29 species per site) were likely a result of greater microsite diversity generated by bison, whereas preferential grazing of the dominant grasses and concomitant increases in subordinate species resulted in an increase in equitability of species abundances. Species/area relationships indicated greater effects of bison on plant species richness with increasing sample area. Increases in plant diversity components associated with bison grazing were generally greater in annually burned than in 4-year burned sites. Effects of ungulate grazers on floristic diversity have important implications given recent evidence that plant species diversity and the compositional and production stability of grassland plant communities are positively related.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, tallgrass prairie},
	doi = {10.2307/4002922},
	author = {D.C. Hartnett and Hickman, K.R. and Walter, L.E.F.}
}
@proceedings {KNZ00548,
	title = {Effects of bison grazing on plant species diversity in tallgrass prairie},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {215 -216},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, tallgrass prairie},
	author = {D.C. Hartnett and Hickman, K.R. and Walter, L.E.F.},
	editor = {West, N.E.}
}
@article {KNZ00541,
	title = {Interspecific nutrient transfer in a tallgrass prairie plant community},
	journal = {American Journal of Botany},
	volume = {83},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {180 -184},
	abstract = {Interplant nutrient transfer may be an important ecological process in grasslands, and may significantly influence plant neighborhood interactions. We investigated the potential for phosphorus transfer between the dominant grass Andropogon gerardii and several neighboring plant species in tallgrass prairie via a field 32PO4 labelling experiment. The mean amount of 32P received from donor shoots differed significantly among neighboring species and decreased with increasing distance from the donor. In general, forbs and cool-season C3 grasses received more labelled 32P than warm-season C4 grasses. Phosphorus transfer occurred over distances up to 0.5 m. The effects of species and distance on movement of phosphorus changed with increasing time after labelling. The relative mass of receiver and donor shoots did not affect amounts of 32P transfer. A benomyl fungicide treatment, applied to suppress mycorrhizal activity, likely did not affect existing vegetative hyphae and did not affect the amount of 32P transferred. These studies demonstrate that: (1) phosphorus is transferred among neighboring species in tallgrass prairie plant communities, (2) phosphorus may be transferred over significantly greater distances than reported in other grasslands, and (3) there is differential transfer among co-occurring species. Hypothesized mechanisms accounting for these patterns in tallgrass prairie include mycorrhizal hyphal interconnections and/or extensive and differential root and rhizosphere overlap among neighboring species.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, mycorrhizae, Phosphorus, tallgrass prairie},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2445936},
	author = {Walter, L.E.F. and D.C. Hartnett and Hetrick, B.A.D. and Schwab, A.P.}
}
@proceedings {KNZ00493,
	title = {Effects of bison grazing, on floristic diversity in tallgrass prairie},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {215 -216},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, tallgrass prairie},
	author = {D.C. Hartnett and Hickman, K.R. and Walter, L.E.F.}
}
