@article {6294, title = {Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {121}, year = {2024}, pages = {e230988112}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2309881120}, url = {https://pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2309881120}, author = {M. D. Smith and Wilkins, Kate D. and Holdrege, Martin C. and Wilfahrt, Peter and S.L Collins and Knapp, Alan K. and Sala, Osvaldo E. and Dukes, Jeffrey S. and Phillips, Richard P. and Yahdjian, Laura and Gherardi, Laureano A. and Ohlert, Timothy and Beier, Claus and Fraser, Lauchlan H. and Jentsch, Anke and Loik, Michael E. and Maestre, Fernando T. and Power, Sally A. and Yu, Qiang and Felton, Andrew J. and Munson, Seth M. and Luo, Yiqi and Abdoli, Hamed and Abedi, Mehdi and Alados, Concepci{\'o}n L. and Alberti, Juan and Alon, Moshe and An, Hui and Anacker, Brian and Anderson, Maggie and Auge, Harald and Bachle, Seton and Bahalkeh, Khadijeh and Bahn, Michael and Batbaatar, Amgaa and Bauerle, Taryn and Beard, Karen H. and Behn, Kai and Beil, Ilka and Biancari, Lucio and Blindow, Irmgard and Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia and Borer, Elizabeth T. and Bork, Edward W. and Bruschetti, Carlos Martin and Byrne, Kerry M. and Cahill Jr., James F. and Calvo, Dianela A. and Carbognani, Michele and Cardoni, Augusto and Carlyle, Cameron N. and Castillo-Garcia, Miguel and Chang, Scott X. and Chieppa, Jeff and Cianciaruso, Marcus V. and Cohen, Ofer and Cordeiro, Amanda L. and Cusack, Daniela F. and Dahlke, Sven and Daleo, Pedro and D{\textquoteright}Antonio, Carla M. and Dietterich, Lee H. and S. Doherty, Tim and Dubbert, Maren and Ebeling, Anne and Eisenhauer, Nico and Fischer, Fel{\'\i}cia M. and Forte, T{\textquoteright}ai G. W. and Gebauer, Tobias and Gozalo, Beatriz and Greenville, Aaron C. and Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G. and Hannusch, Heather J. and Vats{\o} Haugum, Siri and Hautier, Yann and Hefting, Mariet and Henry, Hugh A. L. and Hoss, Daniela and Ingrisch, Johannes and Iribarne, Oscar and Isbell, Forest and Johnson, Yari and Jordan, Samuel and Kelly, Eugene F. and Kimmel, Kaitlin and Kreyling, Juergen and Kr{\"o}el-Dulay, Gy{\"o}rgy and Kr{\"o}pfl, Alicia and K{\"u}bert, Angelika and Kulmatiski, Andrew and Lamb, Eric G. and Larsen, Klaus Steenberg and Larson, Julie and Lawson, Jason and Leder, Cintia V. and Linst{\"a}dter, Anja and Liu, Jielin and Liu, Shirong and Lodge, Alexandra G. and Longo, Grisel and Loydi, Alejandro and Luan, Junwei and Curtis Lubbe, Frederick and Macfarlane, Craig and Mackie-Haas, Kathleen and Malyshev, Andrey V. and Maturano-Ruiz, {\'a}n and Merchant, Thomas and Metcalfe, Daniel B. and Mori, Akira S. and Mudongo, Edwin and Newman, Gregory S. and Nielsen, Uffe N. and Nimmo, Dale and Niu, Yujie and Nobre, Paola and O{\textquoteright}Connor, Rory C. and Ogaya, Rom{\`a} and O{\~n}atibia, Gast{\'o}n R. and Orb{\'a}n, Ildik{\'o} and Osborne, Brooke and Otfinowski, Rafael and P{\"a}rtel, Meelis and Pe{\~n}uelas, Josep and Peri, Pablo L. and Peter, Guadalupe and Petraglia, Alessandro and Picon-Cochard, Catherine and Pillar, Val{\'e}rio D. and Pi{\~N}Eiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel and Ploughe, Laura W. and Plowes, Robert M. and Portales-Reyes, Cristy and Prober, Suzanne M. and Pueyo, Yolanda and Reed, Sasha C. and Ritchie, Euan G. and Rodr{\'\i}guez, Ayl{\'e}n and Rogers, William E. and Roscher, Christiane and S{\'a}nchez, Ana M. and Santos, Br{\'a}ulio A. and Scarf{\'o}, Mar{\'\i}a and Seabloom, Eric W. and Shi, Baoku and Souza, Lara and Stampfli, Andreas and Standish, Rachel J. and Sternberg, Marcelo and Sun, Wei and S{\"u}nnemann, Marie and Tedder, Michelle and Thorvaldsen, {\r a}l and Tian, Dashuan and Tielb{\"o}rger, Katja and Valdecantos, Alejandro and van den Brink, Liesbeth and Vandvik, Vigdis and Vankoughnett, Mathew R. and Guri Velle, Liv and Wang, Changhui and Wang, Yi and Wardle, Glenda M. and Werner, Christiane and Wei, Cunzheng and Wiehl, Georg and Williams, Jennifer L. and Wolf, Amelia A. and Zeiter, Michaela and Zhang, Fawei and Zhu, Juntao and Zong, Ning and Zuo, Xiaoan} } @article {6238, title = {Compositional variation in grassland plant communities}, journal = {Ecosphere}, volume = {14}, year = {2023}, pages = {e4542}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ}, doi = {10.1002/ecs2.v14.610.1002/ecs2.4542}, url = {https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.4542}, author = {Bakker, Jonathan D. and Price, Jodi N. and Henning, Jeremiah A. and Batzer, Evan E. and Ohlert, Timothy J. and Wainwright, Claire E. and Adler, Peter B. and Alberti, Juan and Arnillas, Carlos Alberto and Biederman, Lori A. and Borer, Elizabeth T. and Brudvig, Lars A. and Buckley, Yvonne M. and Bugalho, Miguel N. and Cadotte, Marc W. and Caldeira, Maria C. and Catford, Jane A. and Chen, Qingqing and Crawley, Michael J. and Daleo, Pedro and Dickman, Chris R. and Donohue, Ian and DuPre, Mary Ellyn and Ebeling, Anne and Eisenhauer, Nico and Fay, Philip A. and Gruner, Daniel S. and Haider, Sylvia and Hautier, Yann and Jentsch, Anke and Kirkman, Kevin and Knops, Johannes M. H. and Lannes, Lu{\'\i}ola S. and MacDougall, Andrew S. and McCulley, Rebecca L. and Mitchell, Rachel M. and Moore, Joslin L. and Morgan, John W. and Mortensen, Brent and Olde Venterink, Harry and Peri, Pablo L. and Power, Sally A. and Prober, Suzanne M. and Roscher, Christiane and Sankaran, Mahesh and Seabloom, Eric W. and M. D. Smith and Stevens, Carly and Sullivan, Lauren L. and Tedder, Michelle and Veen, G. F. (Ciska) and Virtanen, Risto and Wardle, Glenda M.} } @article {6112, title = {Nutrient enrichment increases invertebrate herbivory and pathogen damage in grasslands}, journal = {Journal of Ecology}, volume = {110}, year = {2022}, pages = {327 - 339}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2745.13801}, url = {https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2745.13801}, author = {Ebeling, Anne and Strauss, Alex T. and Adler, Peter B. and Arnillas, Carlos A. and Barrio, ~C. and Biederman, Lori A. and Borer, Elizabeth T. and Bugalho, Miguel N. and Caldeira, ~C. and Cadotte, Marc W. and Daleo, Pedro and Eisenhauer, Nico and Eskelinen, Anu and Fay, Philip A. and Firn, Jennifer and Graff, Pamela and Hagenah, Nicole and Haider, Sylvia and Kimberly J. Komatsu and McCulley, ~L. and Mitchell, Charles E. and Moore, Joslin L. and Pascual, Jesus and Peri, Pablo L. and Power, Sally A. and Prober, Suzanne M. and Risch, ~C. and Roscher, Christiane and Sankaran, Mahesh and Seabloom, ~W. and Schielzeth, Holger and Sch{\"u}tz, Martin and Speziale, Karina L. and Tedder, Michelle and Virtanen, Risto and Blumenthal, Dana M.} } @article {5970, title = {Negative effects of nitrogen override positive effects of phosphorus on grassland legumes worldwide}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {118}, year = {2021}, pages = {e2023718118}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2023718118}, url = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.2023718118}, author = {Tognetti, Pedro M. and Prober, Suzanne M. and B{\'a}ez, Selene and Chaneton, Enrique J. and Firn, Jennifer and Risch, Anita C. and Schuetz, Martin and Simonsen, Anna K. and Yahdjian, Laura and Borer, Elizabeth T. and Seabloom, Eric W. and Arnillas, Carlos Alberto and Bakker, Jonathan D. and Brown, Cynthia S. and Cadotte, Marc W. and Caldeira, Maria C. and Daleo, Pedro and Dwyer, John M. and Fay, Philip A. and Gherardi, Laureano A. and Hagenah, Nicole and Hautier, Yann and Kimberly J. Komatsu and McCulley, Rebecca L. and Price, Jodi N. and Standish, Rachel J. and Stevens, Carly J. and Wragg, Peter D. and Sankaran, Mahesh} } @article {KNZ002029, title = {Global impacts of fertilization and herbivore removal on soil net nitrogen mineralization are modulated by local climate and soil properties}, journal = {Global Change Biology}, volume = {26}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Soil nitrogen (N) availability is critical for grassland functioning. However, human activities have increased the supply of biologically limiting nutrients, and changed the density and identity of mammalian herbivores. These anthropogenic changes may alter net soil N mineralization (soil net Nmin), that is, the net balance between N mineralization and immobilization, which could severely impact grassland structure and functioning. Yet, to date, little is known about how fertilization and herbivore removal individually, or jointly, affect soil net Nmin across a wide range of grasslands that vary in soil and climatic properties. Here we collected data from 22 grasslands on five continents, all part of a globally replicated experiment, to assess how fertilization and herbivore removal affected potential (laboratory-based) and realized (field-based) soil net Nmin. Herbivore removal in the absence of fertilization did not alter potential and realized soil net Nmin. However, fertilization alone and in combination with herbivore removal consistently increased potential soil net Nmin. Realized soil net Nmin, in contrast, significantly decreased in fertilized plots where herbivores were removed. Treatment effects on potential and realized soil net Nmin were contingent on site-specific soil and climatic properties. Fertilization effects on potential soil net Nmin were larger at sites with higher mean annual precipitation (MAP) and temperature of the wettest quarter (T.q.wet). Reciprocally, realized soil net Nmin declined most strongly with fertilization and herbivore removal at sites with lower MAP and higher T.q.wet. In summary, our findings show that anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, herbivore exclusion and alterations in future climatic conditions can negatively impact soil net Nmin across global grasslands under realistic field conditions. This is an important context-dependent knowledge for grassland management worldwide.

}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.15308}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/gcb.15308}, author = {Risch, Anita C. and Zimmermann, Stefan and Moser, Barbara and Sch{\"u}tz, Martin and Hagedorn, Frank and Firn, Jennifer and Fay, Philip A. and Adler, Peter B. and Biederman, Lori A. and J. M. Blair and Borer, Elizabeth T. and Broadbent, Arthur A. D. and Brown, Cynthia S. and Cadotte, Marc W. and Caldeira, Maria C. and Davies, Kendi F. and Virgilio, Augustina and Eisenhauer, Nico and Eskelinen, Anu and Knops, Johannes M. H. and MacDougall, Andrew S. and McCulley, Rebecca L. and Melbourne, Brett A. and Moore, Joslin L. and Power, Sally A. and Prober, Suzanne M. and Seabloom, Eric W. and Siebert, Julia and Silveira, Maria L. and Speziale, Karina L. and Stevens, Carly J. and Tognetti, Pedro M. and Virtanen, Risto and Yahdjian, Laura and Ochoa-Hueso, Raul} } @article {KNZ001945, title = {Belowground biomass response to nutrient enrichment depends on light limitation across globally distributed grasslands}, journal = {Ecosystems}, volume = {22}, year = {2019}, pages = {1466{\textendash}1477}, abstract = {

Anthropogenic activities are increasing nutrient inputs to ecosystems worldwide, with consequences for global carbon and nutrient cycles. Recent meta-analyses show that aboveground primary production is often co-limited by multiple nutrients; however, little is known about how root production responds to changes in nutrient availability. At twenty-nine grassland sites on four continents, we quantified shallow root biomass responses to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium plus micronutrient enrichment and compared below- and aboveground responses. We hypothesized that optimal allocation theory would predict context dependence in root biomass responses to nutrient enrichment, given variation among sites in the resources limiting to plant growth (specifically light versus nutrients). Consistent with the predictions of optimal allocation theory, the proportion of total biomass belowground declined with N or P addition, due to increased biomass aboveground (for N and P) and decreased biomass belowground (N, particularly in sites with low canopy light penetration). Absolute root biomass increased with N addition where light was abundant at the soil surface, but declined in sites where the grassland canopy intercepted a large proportion of incoming light. These results demonstrate that belowground responses to changes in resource supply can differ strongly from aboveground responses, which could significantly modify predictions of future rates of nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. Our results also highlight how optimal allocation theory developed for individual plants may help predict belowground biomass responses to nutrient enrichment at the ecosystem scale across wide climatic and environmental gradients.

}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ, belowground biomass, Fertilization, nitrogen, Nutrient Network, optimal allocation, phosphorus roots}, doi = {10.1007/s10021-019-00350-4}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs10021-019-00350-4}, author = {Cleland, Elsa E. and Lind, Eric M. and DeCrappeo, Nicole M. and DeLorenze, Elizabeth and Wilkins, Rachel Abbott and P. Adler and Bakker, Jonathan D. and Brown, Cynthia S. and Davies, Kendi F. and Esch, Ellen and Firn, Jennifer and Gressard, Scott and Gruner, Daniel S. and Hagenah, Nicole and Harpole, W. Stanley and Hautier, Yann and Hobbie, Sarah E. and Hofmockel, Kirsten S. and Kirkman, Kevin and Knops, Johannes and Kopp, Christopher W. and Kimberly J. La Pierre and MacDougall, Andrew and McCulley, Rebecca L. and Melbourne, Brett A. and Joslin L. Moore and Prober, Suzanne M. and Riggs, Charlotte and Risch, Anita C. and Schuetz, Martin and Stevens, Carly and Wragg, Peter D. and Wright, Justin and E.T. Borer and Seabloom, Eric W.} } @article {KNZ001894, title = {Local loss and spatial homogenization of plant diversity reduce ecosystem multifunctionality}, journal = {Nature Ecology \& Evolution}, volume = {2}, year = {2018}, pages = {50-56}, abstract = {

Biodiversity is declining in many local communities while also becoming increasingly homogenized across space. Experiments show that local plant species loss reduces ecosystem functioning and services, but the role of spatial homogenization of community composition and the potential interaction between diversity at different scales in maintaining ecosystem functioning remains unclear, especially when many functions are considered (ecosystem multifunctionality). We present an analysis of eight ecosystem functions measured in 65 grasslands worldwide. We find that more diverse grasslands\—those with both species-rich local communities (α-diversity) and large compositional differences among localities (β-diversity)\—had higher levels of multifunctionality. Moreover, α- and β-diversity synergistically affected multifunctionality, with higher levels of diversity at one scale amplifying the contribution to ecological functions at the other scale. The identity of species influencing ecosystem functioning differed among functions and across local communities, explaining why more diverse grasslands maintained greater functionality when more functions and localities were considered. These results were robust to variation in environmental drivers. Our findings reveal that plant diversity, at both local and landscape scales, contributes to the maintenance of multiple ecosystem services provided by grasslands. Preserving ecosystem functioning therefore requires conservation of biodiversity both within and among ecological communities.

}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ}, doi = {10.1038/s41559-017-0395-0}, url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0395-0}, author = {Hautier, Yann and Isbell, Forest and E.T. Borer and Seabloom, Eric W. and Harpole, W. Stanley and Lind, Eric M. and MacDougall, Andrew S. and Stevens, Carly J. and P. Adler and J. Alberti and Bakker, Jonathan D. and Brudvig, Lars A. and Buckley, Yvonne M. and Cadotte, Marc and Caldeira, Maria C. and Chaneton, Enrique J. and Chu, Chengjin and Daleo, Pedro and Dickman, Christopher R. and Dwyer, John M. and Eskelinen, Anu and Fay, Philip A. and Firn, Jennifer and Hagenah, Nicole and Hillebrand, Helmut and Iribarne, Oscar and Kirkman, Kevin P. and Knops, Johannes M. H. and Kimberly J. La Pierre and McCulley, Rebecca L. and J.W. Morgan and P{\"a}rtel, Meelis and Pascual, Jesus and Price, Jodi N. and Prober, Suzanne M. and Risch, Anita C. and Sankaran, Mahesh and Schuetz, Martin and Standish, Rachel J. and Virtanen, Risto and Wardle, Glenda M. and Yahdjian, Laura and Hector, Andy} } @article {KNZ001893, title = {Out of the shadows: multiple nutrient limitations drive relationships among biomass, light and plant diversity}, journal = {Functional Ecology}, volume = {31}, year = {2017}, pages = {1839-1846}, abstract = {
  1. The paradigmatic hypothesis for the effect of fertilisation on plant diversity represents a one-dimensional trade-off for plants competing for below-ground nutrients (generically) and above-ground light: fertilisation reduces competition for nutrients while increasing biomass and thereby shifts competition for depleted available light.
  2. The essential problem of this simple paradigm is that it misses both the multivariate and mechanistic nature of the factors that determine biodiversity as well as their causal relationships.
  3. We agree that light limitation, as DeMalach and Kadmon argue, can indeed be an important factor associated with diversity loss, and we presented it as an integral part of our tests of the niche dimension hypothesis.
  4. We disagree with DeMalach and Kadmon that light is the \‘main\’ factor explaining diversity, because this misrepresents the causal structure represented in the design of our experiment in which multiple nutrient addition was the ultimate causal driver of a suite of correlated responses that included diversity and light, and especially live and dead biomass, which are the factors that control light depletion.
  5. Our findings highlight that multiple nutrient limitations can structure plant diversity and composition independently of changes in light and biomass. For example, approximately one-third of our sites showed no significant increase in biomass with greater number of added nutrients yet still lost diversity when nutrients were added.
  6. The important message is that while light limitation can be an important contributor to diversity loss, it is not a necessary mechanism.
}, keywords = {LTER-KNZ}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2435.12967}, url = {https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1365-2435.12967}, author = {Harpole, W. Stanley and L.L. Sullivan and Lind, Eric M. and Firn, Jennifer and P. Adler and E.T. Borer and Chase, Jonathan and Fay, Philip A. and Hautier, Yann and Hillebrand, Helmut and MacDougall, Andrew S. and Seabloom, Eric W. and Bakker, Jonathan D. and Cadotte, Marc W. and Chaneton, Enrique J. and Chu, Chengjin and Hagenah, Nicole and Kirkman, Kevin and Kimberly J. La Pierre and Joslin L. Moore and J.W. Morgan and Prober, Suzanne M. and Risch, Anita C. and Schuetz, Martin and Stevens, Carly J.}, editor = {Thompson, Ken} }