@article {KNZ002049,
	title = {Synergies among environmental science research and monitoring networks: A research agenda},
	journal = {Earth{\textquoteright}s Future},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {e2020EF001631},
	abstract = {<p>Many research and monitoring networks in recent decades have provided publicly available data documenting environmental and ecological change, but little is known about the status of efforts to synthesize this information across networks. We convened a working group to assess ongoing and potential cross-network synthesis research and outline opportunities and challenges for the future, focusing on the US-based research network (the US Long-Term Ecological Research network, LTER) and monitoring network (the National Ecological Observatory Network, NEON). LTER-NEON cross-network research synergies arise from the potentials for LTER measurements, experiments, models, and observational studies to provide context and mechanisms for interpreting NEON data, and for NEON measurements to provide standardization and broad scale coverage that complement LTER studies. Initial cross-network syntheses at co-located sites in the LTER and NEON networks are addressing six broad topics: how long-term vegetation change influences C fluxes; how detailed remotely sensed data reveal vegetation structure and function; aquatic-terrestrial connections of nutrient cycling; ecosystem response to soil biogeochemistry and microbial processes; population and species responses to environmental change; and disturbance, stability and resilience. This initial study offers exciting potentials for expanded cross-network syntheses involving multiple long-term ecosystem processes at regional or continental scales. These potential syntheses could provide a pathway for the broader scientific community, beyond LTER and NEON, to engage in cross-network science. These examples also apply to many other research and monitoring networks in the US and globally, and can guide scientists and research administrators in promoting broad-scale research that supports resource management and environmental policy.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1029/2020EF001631},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020EF001631},
	author = {Jones, J.A. and Groffman, P.M. and Blair, J.M. and Davis, F.W. and Dugan, H. and Euskirchen, E.E. and Frey, S.D. and Harms, T.K. and Hinckley, E. and Kosmala, M. and Loberg, S. and Malone, S. and Novick, K. and Record, S. and Rocha, A.V. and Ruddell, B.L. and Stanley, E.H. and Sturtevant, C. and Thorpe, A. and White, T. and Wieder, W.R. and Zhai, L. and Zhu, K.}
}
@booklet {KNZ001539,
	title = {Long-term trends in ecological systems: a basis for understanding responses to global change. USDA Agriculture Research Service Publication, Technical Bulletin 1931. Washington, D.C},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {<p>Peters, D.P.C., C.M. Laney, A.E. Lugo, et al. 2013. Long-Term Trends in Ecological Systems: A Basis for Understanding Responses to Global Change. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin Number 1931. The EcoTrends Editorial Committee sorted through vast amounts of historical and ongoing data from 50 ecological sites in the continental United States including Alaska, several islands, and Antarctica to present in a logical format the variables commonly collected. This report presents a subset of data and variables from these sites and illustrates through detailed examples the value of comparing longterm data from different ecosystem types. This work provides cross-site comparisons of ecological responses to global change drivers, as well as longterm trends in global change drivers and responses at site and continental scales. Site descriptions and detailed data also are provided in the appendix section.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, atmospheric chemistry, Climate change, cross-site comparisons, disturbance, ecological response, ecology, ecosystem, EcoTrends, experimental forests, global change, human demography, human population growth, Long Term Ecological Research (LTER), long-term datasets, Precipitation, rangeland, rangeland research stations, surface water chemistry},
	author = {Peters, D.P.C. and Laney, C.M. and Lugo, A.E. and Scott. L. Collins and Driscoll, C.T. and Groffman, P.M. and Grove, J.M. and Alan K. Knapp and Kratz, T.K. and Ohman, M.D. and Waide, R.B. and Yao, J.}
}
@inbook {KNZ00706,
	title = {Soil Carbon and nitrogen availability: Nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, soil respiration potentials},
	booktitle = {Standard Soil Methods for Long Term Ecological Research},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {258 -271},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	author = {Robertson, G.P. and Wedin, D. and Groffman, P.M. and John M. Blair and Holland, E. and Nadelhoffer, K.J. and Harris, D.},
	editor = {Robertson, G.P. and Bledsoe, C.S. and Coleman, D.C. and Sollins, P.S.}
}
@article {KNZ00489,
	title = {Plant productivity and nitrogen gas fluxes in tallgrass prairie},
	journal = {Landscape Ecology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {255 -266},
	abstract = {We explored relationships between plant productivity and annual fluxes of nitrogen (N2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in a tallgrass prairie landscape in central Kansas. Our objective was to develop predictive relationships between these variables that could be used in conjunction with remote sensing information on plant productivity to produce large-area estimates of N gas fluxes. Our hypothesis was that there are inherent relationships between plant productivity and N gas fluxes in tallgrass prairie because both are controlled by water and N availability. The research was carried out as part of a multi-investigator project, the First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE, ISLSCP = International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Program), directed toward the use of remote sensing to characterize land-atmosphere interactions. Fluxes of N2 (denitrification) and N2O were measured using soil core techniques. Estimates of annual flux were produced by temporal extrapolation of measured rates. Annual aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) was estimated from measurements of the maximum standing crop of plant biomass. There were strong relationships between ANPP and N gas fluxes, and between a satellite remote sensing-based index of plant productivity (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) and gas fluxes. We used these relationships to convert images of NDVI into images of N gas fluxes for one 83 ha watershed and for the entire 15 by 15 km FIFE site. These images were used to compute mean landscape gas fluxes (0.62 g N m-2 y-1 for N2, 0.66 g N m-2 y-1 for N2O) and total N gas production for the two areas. Our flux and production values are useful for comparison with values produced by simulation models and site-specific studies, and for assessing the significance of N gas production to ecosystem and landscape scale processes related to nutrient cycling, water quality and atmospheric chemistry.
},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, denitrification, NDVI, nitrous oxide, remote sensing},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00128993},
	author = {Groffman, P.M. and Turner, C.L.}
}
@article {KNZ00403,
	title = {Denitrification in a tallgrass prairie landscape},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {74},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {855 -862},
	abstract = {We characterized factors controlling denitrification and quantified rates of N gas production by this process in a tallgrass prairie landscape in central Kansas. The experimental design included three land use classes (unburned, annually burned, and annually burned and grazed) in factorial combination with three slope positions (summit, back{\textemdash}slope, toe{\textemdash}slope), plus a cultivated site in a toe{\textemdash}slope position (10 sites total). Denitrification was measured using an acetylene{\textemdash}based soil core technique four times in 1987, once in early 1988, and six times in 1989. Cores were incubated under field{\textemdash}moist conditions and after amendment with water or water plus nitrate. Microbial biomass and nitrification and dentrification enzyme activities were also measured. Denitrification was higher (P < .05) in unburned sites than in burned, and grazed, and cultivated sites in both 1987/1988 and 1989. The cultivated site consistently had low rates of denitrification relative to the native prairie sites, even when water and nitrate were added. Levels of microbial biomass C and nitrification and denitrification enzyme activities were an order of magnitude lower in the cultivated site than in the native prairie sites. Denitrification rates were highest in the early spring of 1987 and were low at all other times. Although temporal patterns of activity were generally related to patterns of soil moisture, water additions did not stimulate activity in ungrazed prairie soils. Water plus nitrate additions consistently gave significant increases in activity. The results are consistent with previous research that has found that unburned prairie is wetter and has higher concentrations of NO3{\textemdash} in soil solution than burned sites. In certain years, denitrification may be significant to site fertility, landscape water quality, and atmospheric chemistry in the tallgrass prairie region.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, tallgrass prairie},
	doi = {10.2307/1940811},
	author = {Groffman, P.M. and C. W. Rice and Tiedje, J.M.}
}
