@article {KNZ001454,
	title = {An integrated conceptual framework for long-term social-ecological research},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {351 -357},
	abstract = {<p>The global reach of human activities affects all natural ecosystems, so that the environment is best viewed as a social\&ndash;ecological system. Consequently, a more integrative approach to environmental science, one that bridges the biophysical and social domains, is sorely needed. Although models and frameworks for social\&ndash;ecological systems exist, few are explicitly designed to guide a long-term interdisciplinary research program. Here, we present an iterative framework, \&ldquo;Press\&ndash;Pulse Dynamics\&rdquo; (PPD), that integrates the biophysical and social sciences through an understanding of how human behaviors affect \&ldquo;press\&rdquo; and \&ldquo;pulse\&rdquo; dynamics and ecosystem processes. Such dynamics and processes, in turn, influence ecosystem services \&ndash;thereby altering human behaviors and initiating feedbacks that impact the original dynamics and processes. We believe that research guided by the PPD framework will lead to a more thorough understanding of social\&ndash;ecological systems and generate the knowledge needed to address pervasive environmental problems.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1890/100068},
	url = {https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/100068},
	author = {Scott. L. Collins and Carpenter, S.R. and Swinton, S.M. and Orenstein, D.E. and Childers, D.L. and Gragson, T.L. and Grimm, N.B. and Grove, J.M. and Harlan, S.L. and Kaye, J.P. and Alan K. Knapp and Kofinas, G.P. and Magnuson, J.J. and W.H. McDowell and Melack, J.M. and Ogden, L.A. and Robertson, G.R. and M.D. Smith and Whitmer, A.C.}
}
@article {KNZ00760,
	title = {Ecological forecasts: an emerging imperative},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {293},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {657 -660},
	abstract = {Planning and decision-making can be improved by access to reliable forecasts of ecosystem state, ecosystem services, and natural capital. Availability of new data sets, together with progress in computation and statistics, will increase our ability to forecast ecosystem change. An agenda that would lead toward a capacity to produce, evaluate, and communicate forecasts of critical ecosystem services requires a process that engages scientists and decision-makers. Interdisciplinary linkages are necessary because of the climate and societal controls on ecosystems, the feedbacks involving social change, and the decision-making relevance of forecasts.},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1126/science.293.5530.657},
	author = {Clark, J.S. and Carpenter, S.R. and Barber, M. and Scott. L. Collins and Dobson, A. and Foley, J.A. and Lodge, D.M. and Pascual, M. and Pielke, R and Pizer, W. and Pringle, C. and Reid, W.V. and Rose, K.A. and Sala, O. and Schlesinger, W.H. and Wall, D.H. and Wear, D.}
}
@inbook {KNZ00508,
	title = {Comparison of spatial and temporal variability of ecological parameters from 12 North American ecosystems},
	booktitle = {Evaluating And Monitoring The Health Of Large-Scale Ecosystems, NATO ASI series, Vol I 28},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {359 -383},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	organization = {Springer-Verlag},
	address = {Berlin},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	author = {Kratz, T.K. and Magnuson, J.J. and Bayley, P. and Benson, B.J. and Berish, C.W. and Bledsoe, C.S. and Blood, E.R. and Bowser, C.J. and Carpenter, S.R. and Cunningham, G.L. and Dahlgren, R. and Frost, T.M. and Halfpenny, J.C. and Hansen, J. and Heisey, D. and Inouye, R.S. and D.W. Kaufman and McKee, A. and Yarie, J.A.},
	editor = {Rapport, D.J. and Gaudet, C.L. and Calow, P.}
}
