@article {KNZ001496,
	title = {Past, present, and future roles of long-term experiments in the LTER Network},
	journal = {Bioscience},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {377 -389},
	abstract = {<p>The US National Science Foundation\&ndash;funded Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network supports a large (around 240) and diverse portfolio of long-term ecological experiments. Collectively, these long-term experiments have (a) provided unique insights into ecological patterns and processes, although such insight often became apparent only after many years of study; (b) influenced management and policy decisions; and (c) evolved into research platforms supporting studies and involving investigators who were not part of the original design. Furthermore, this suite of long-term experiments addresses, at the site level, all of the US National Research Council\&$\#$39;s Grand Challenges in Environmental Sciences. Despite these contributions, we argue that the scale and scope of global environmental change requires a more-coordinated multisite approach to long-term experiments. Ideally, such an approach would include a network of spatially extensive multifactor experiments, designed in collaboration with ecological modelers that would build on and extend the unique context provided by the LTER Network.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, Climate change, global change, long-term research, LTER Network, multifactor experiments},
	doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.4.9},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/62/4/377/243762},
	author = {Alan K. Knapp and M.D. Smith and Hobbie, S.E. and Scott. L. Collins and Fahey, T.J. and Hansen, G.J.A. and Landis, D.A. and Kimberly J. La Pierre and Melillo, J.M. and Seastedt, T.R. and Shaver, G.R. and Webster, J.R.}
}
@article {KNZ001510,
	title = {Surprises and insights from long-term aquatic datasets and experiments},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {709 -721},
	abstract = {<p>Long-term research on freshwater ecosystems provides insights that can be difficult to obtain from other approaches. Widespread monitoring of ecologically relevant water-quality parameters spanning decades can facilitate important tests of ecological principles. Unique long-term data sets and analytical tools are increasingly available, allowing for powerful and synthetic analyses across sites. Long-term measurements or experiments in aquatic systems can catch rare events, changes in highly variable systems, time-lagged responses, cumulative effects of stressors, and biotic responses that encompass multiple generations. Data are available from formal networks, local to international agencies, private organizations, various institutions, and paleontological and historic records; brief literature surveys suggest much existing data are not synthesized. Ecological sciences will benefit from careful maintenance and analyses of existing long-term programs, and subsequent insights can aid in the design of effective future long-term experimental and observational efforts. Long-term research on freshwaters is particularly important because of their value to humanity.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, data, freshwater, lakes, long term, streams},
	doi = {10.1525/bio.2012.62.8.4},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/62/8/709/244214},
	author = {W. K. Dodds and Robinson, C.T. and Gaiser, E.E. and Hansen, G.J.A. and Powell, H. and Smith, J.M. and Morse, N.B. and Johnson, S.L. and Gregory, S.V. and Bell, T. and Kratz, T.K. and W.H. McDowell}
}
