@article {5981,
	title = {Patterns and trends of organic matter processing and transport: Insights from the US Long-Term Ecological Research network},
	journal = {Climate Change Ecology},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {100025},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecochg.2021.100025},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666900521000253},
	author = {Harms, Tamara K. and Groffman, Peter M. and Aluwihare, Lihini and Craft, Chris and Wieder, William R and Hobbie, Sarah E. and S.G. Baer and J. M. Blair and Frey, Serita and Remucal, Christina K. and Rudgers, Jennifer A. and S L Collins}
}
@article {KNZ001918,
	title = {Continental-scale decrease in net primary productivity in streams due to climate warming},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {415 - 420},
	abstract = {<p>Streams play a key role in the global carbon cycle. The balance between carbon intake through photosynthesis and carbon release via respiration influences carbon emissions from streams and depends on temperature. However, the lack of a comprehensive analysis of the temperature sensitivity of the metabolic balance in inland waters across latitudes and local climate conditions hinders an accurate projection of carbon emissions in a warmer future. Here, we use a model of diel dissolved oxygen dynamics, combined with high-frequency measurements of dissolved oxygen, light and temperature, to estimate the temperature sensitivities of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration in streams across six biomes, from the tropics to the arctic tundra. We find that the change in metabolic balance, that is, the ratio of gross primary production to ecosystem respiration, is a function of stream temperature and current metabolic balance. Applying this relationship to the global compilation of stream metabolism data, we find that a 1\&thinsp;\&deg;C increase in stream temperature leads to a convergence of metabolic balance and to a 23.6\% overall decline in net ecosystem productivity across the streams studied. We suggest that if the relationship holds for similarly sized streams around the globe, the warming-induced shifts in metabolic balance will result in an increase of 0.0194\&thinsp;Pg carbon emitted from such streams every year.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1038/s41561-018-0125-5},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0125-5},
	author = {Song, Chao and W. K. Dodds and R{\"u}egg, Janine and Argerich, Alba and Baker, Christina L. and W.B. Bowden and Douglas, Michael M. and Farrell, Kaitlin J. and Flinn, Michael B. and Garcia, Erica A. and Helton, Ashley M. and Harms, Tamara K. and Jia, Shufang and Jones, Jeremy B. and Koenig, Lauren E. and Kominoski, John S. and McDowell, William H. and McMaster, Damien and Parker, Samuel P. and Rosemond, Amy D. and Ruffing, Claire M. and Sheehan, Ken R. and Trentman, Matt T. and M.R. Whiles and Wollheim, Wilfred M. and Ballantyne, Ford}
}
@article {KNZ001708,
	title = {Baseflow physical characteristics differ at multiple spatial scales in stream networks across diverse biomes},
	journal = {Landscape Ecology},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {119-136},
	abstract = {<p>Context Spatial scaling of ecological processes is facilitated by quantifying underlying habitat attributes. Physical and ecological patterns are often measured at disparate spatial scales limiting our ability to quantify ecological processes at broader spatial scales using physical attributes. Objective We characterized variation of physical stream attributes during periods of high biological activity (i.e., baseflow) to match physical and ecological measurements and to identify the spatial scales exhibiting and predicting heterogeneity. Methods We measured canopy cover, wetted width, water depth, and sediment size along transects of 1st\&ndash;5th order reaches in five stream networks located in biomes from tropical forest to arctic tundra. We used hierarchical analysis of variance with three nested scales (watersheds, stream orders, reaches) to identify scales exhibiting significant heterogeneity in attributes and regression analyses to characterize gradients within and across stream networks. Results Heterogeneity was evident at one or multiple spatial scales: canopy cover and water depth varied significantly at all three spatial scales while wetted width varied at two scales (stream order and reach) and sediment size remained largely unexplained. Similarly, prediction by drainage area depended on the attribute considered: depending on the watershed, increases in wetted width and water depth with drainage area were best fit with a linear, logarithmic, or power function. Variation in sediment size was independent of drainage area. Conclusions The scaling of ecologically relevant baseflow physical characteristics will require study beyond the traditional bankfull geomorphology since predictions of baseflow physical attributes by drainage area were not always best explained by geomorphic power laws.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ, Boreal forest, Geomorphology, Grasslands, Nested ANOVA, Scaling, Temperate forest},
	issn = {0921-2973},
	doi = {10.1007/s10980-015-0289-y},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs10980-015-0289-y},
	author = {R{\"u}egg, Janine and W. K. Dodds and Daniels, M.D. and Sheehan, Ken R. and Baker, Christina L. and W.B. Bowden and Farrell, Kaitlin J. and Flinn, Michael B. and Harms, Tamara K. and Jones, J.B. and Koenig, Lauren E. and Kominoski, John S. and W.H. McDowell and Parker, Samuel P. and Rosemond, Amy D. and Trentman, Matt T. and M.R. Whiles and Wollheim, Wilfred M.}
}
