@article {6205,
	title = {Evolutionary lineage explains trait variation among 75 coexisting grass species},
	journal = {New Phytologist},
	volume = {239},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {887},
	chapter = {875},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1111/nph.18983},
	url = {https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.18983},
	author = {Donnelly, R, and Wedel, E.R. and Taylor, J.H. and Nippert, J.B. and Helliker, B.R. and Riley, W. and Still, C.J. and Griffith, D.}
}
@inbook {6053,
	title = {Climate change in grassland ecosystems: current impacts and potential actions for a sustainable future},
	booktitle = {CLIMATE ACTIONS - LOCAL APPLICATIONS AND PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {36},
	publisher = {CRC},
	organization = {CRC},
	edition = {1},
	abstract = {<p>Grasslands are a widespread and globally important biome providing key ecosystem services, including carbon storage, regulation of the water cycle and diverse assemblages of plant and animal species. Grasslands also provide many important benefits to humans, such as food and forage for livestock. Climate changes manifest as temperature fluctuations, increased intensity of drought and flood cycles and increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. These changes are impacting species growth responses, plant composition and other key grassland processes. In addition to the direct consequences of climate change, secondary (or indirect) impacts of climate change threaten grassland ecosystems. These include changes in land-use and land-cover, agricultural conversion, woody encroachment, invasive species and atmospheric nitrogen deposition. In this chapter, we discuss the direct and indirect impacts of climate change on grasslands generally, while using case studies from specific global grassland types to illustrate key threats and climate change impacts. We specifically provide examples of how direct and indirect climate changes interact, increasing the vulnerability of grasslands. In the final section of this chapter, we outline a climate action plan for grassland ecosystems that includes efforts focused at multiple scales, including the individual, community and global levels. These climate actions can be used to influence policy, reduce the rate of climate change, conserve and restore grasslands and, most importantly, need to begin immediately. Collectively, we explain the general ecological processes in grasslands, illustrate the consequences of climate change on this ecosystem and identify potential solutions to maintain the viability and persistence of grassland ecosystems for the foreseeable future.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	isbn = {9780367478339},
	author = {Jesse B. Nippert and Keen, R.M. and Bachle, Seton and Wedel, E.R. and B. Groskinsky}
}
@article {5974,
	title = {Fire and browsing interact to alter intra-clonal stem dynamics of an encroaching shrub in tallgrass prairie},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {196},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {1039 - 1048},
	abstract = {<p>The expansion of woody species into grasslands has altered community structure and ecosystem function of grasslands worldwide. In tallgrass prairie of the Central Great Plains, USA, decreased fire frequency and intensity have increased the cover and abundance of woody species. In particular, clonal shrub cover has increased at accelerated rates due to vegetative reproduction and resprouting after disturbance. We measured the intra-clonal stem demography and relative growth rates (estimated change in woody biomass) of the shrub Cornus drummondii in response to fire frequency (4 vs 20year burn intervals) and simulated browsing during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons at Konza Prairie Biological Station (Manhattan, Kansas). Overall, infrequent fire (4year burn interval) increased intra-clonal stem relative growth rates and shrub relative growth rates. Intra-clonal stem relative growth rates were reduced in unbrowsed clones in 2018 due to drought and simu-lated browsing reduced intra-clonal stem relative growth rates in 2019. Additionally, simulated browsing nearly eliminated flower production within clones but did not affect intra-clonal stem mortality or recruitment within a growing season. Fire in conjunction with simulated browsing reduced estimated relative growth rates for entire shrub clones. Browsed shrubs that experienced prescribed fire in 2017 had reduced intra-clonal stem densities compared to unbrowsed shrubs and stem densities of browsed shrubs did not recover in 2018 or 2019. These results illustrate that infrequent fire alone promotes the expansion of clonal shrubs in tallgrass prairie and multiple interacting disturbances (e.g., fire and browsing) are required to control the spread of clonal shrubs into grasslands.</p>},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-021-04980-1},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00442-021-04980-1},
	author = {Wedel, E.R. and Nippert, J.B. and D.C. Hartnett}
}
@article {5995,
	title = {Spatio-temporal differences in leaf physiology are associated with fire, not drought, in a clonally integrated shrub},
	journal = {AoB PLANTS},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {plab037},
	keywords = {LTER-KNZ},
	doi = {10.1093/aobpla/plab037},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/aobpla/article/doi/10.1093/aobpla/plab037/6295325},
	author = {Wedel, E.R. and O{\textquoteright}Keefe, K. and Jesse B. Nippert and Hoch, Braden and O{\textquoteright}Connor, R.C.},
	editor = {Mitchell, Patrick}
}
