01764nas a2200133   4500008004100000245015500041210006900196300001300265490000800278520122800286100001801514700001601532856008201548       2009                        eng d00aMassively parallel 454-sequencing of Quercus macrocarpa phyllosphere fungal communities indicates reduced richness and diversity in urban environments0 aMassively parallel 454sequencing of Quercus macrocarpa phyllosph  a438 -4480 v1843 a<p>&bull;&ensp;This study targeted the fungal communities in the phyllosphere of Quercus macrocarpa and compared the fungal species richness, diversity and community composition among trees located within and outside a small urban center using recently developed 454 sequencing and DNA tagging. &bull;&ensp;The results indicate that the fungal phyllosphere communities are extremely diverse and strongly dominated by ascomycetes, with Microsphaeropsis [two Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs); 23.6%], Alternaria (six OTUs; 16.1%), Epicoccum (one OTU; 6.0%) and Erysiphe (two OTUs; 5.9%) as the most abundant genera. &bull;&ensp;Although the sequencing effort averaged 1000 reads per tree and detected nearly 700 distinct molecular OTUs at 95% internal transcribed spacer 1 similarity, the richness of the hyperdiverse phyllosphere communities could not be reliably estimated as nearly one-half of the molecular OTUs were singletons. &bull;&ensp;The fungal communities within and outside the urban center differed in richness and diversity, which were lower within the urban development. The two land-use types contained communities that were distinct and more than 10% of the molecular OTUs differed in their frequency.</p>1 aJumpponen, A.1 aJones, K.L.  uhttps://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02990.x