00608nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139300001100208653002200219100001600241700001800257700001800275700001600293700001900309856012200328 1995 eng d00aPopulation ecology of Elliot's short-tail shrew and least shrew in ungrazed tallgrass prairie0 aPopulation ecology of Elliots shorttail shrew and least shrew in a87 -9210atallgrass prairie1 aClark, B.K.1 aKaufman, D.W.1 aKaufman, G.A.1 aGurtz, S.K.1 aHartnett, D.C. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/population-ecology-elliots-short-tail-shrew-and-least-shrew-ungrazed-tallgrass-prairie01972nas a2200205 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260003200218300001100250520124000261653002201501100001601523700001801539700001801557700001601575700001701591700001601608700001701624856012501641 1992 eng d00aPopulation ecology of thirteen-lined ground squirrels in ungrazed tallgrass prairie manipulated by fire0 aPopulation ecology of thirteenlined ground squirrels in ungrazed aUniversity of Northern Iowa a51 -543 a

From March 1983 to October 1987, thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus Mitchill) were studied in ungrazed tallgrass prairie manipulated by fire on the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area, Kansas. Overall abundance varied among years (2.6 animals/ha in 1985; 5.6 animals/ha in 1986); however, no significant variation in sex ratio was observed (overall average=52% males for adults, 48% males for juveniles). Fire had a positive effect on ground squirrels; abundance was significantly higher in burned than unburned prairie during the year of a fire and in more recently than less recently burned prairie during years following a fire. Ground squirrels also selected hillsides with exposed rocks (breaks) over upland and lowland prairie sites. Although females and males selected similar habitats, home ranges were significantly larger for adult males (average=0.56 ha) than for adult females (0.36 ha). Both adult females and males caught on the study area typically were residents rather than transients. Further, overwinter survival did not differ between adult females and males. Overwinter survival of juvenile females was similar to adults; however, no juvenile males overwintered on the study area

10atallgrass prairie1 aClark, B.K.1 aKaufman, D.W.1 aKaufman, G.A.1 aGurtz, S.K.1 aBixler, S.H.1 aSmith, D.A.1 aJacobs, C.A. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/population-ecology-thirteen-lined-ground-squirrels-ungrazed-tallgrass-prairie-manipulated00468nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121300001300190490000700203100001600210700001800226856010200244 1991 eng d00aEffects of plant litter on foraging and nesting behavior of prairie rodents0 aEffects of plant litter on foraging and nesting behavior of prai a502 -5120 v721 aClark, B.K.1 aKaufman, D.W. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/effects-plant-litter-foraging-and-nesting-behavior-prairie-rodents01653nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142300001100211490000800222520110400230653002201334100001601356700001801372856011701390 1990 eng d00aPrevalence of botfly (Cuterebra sp.) parasites in populations of small mammals in eastern Kansas0 aPrevalence of botfly Cuterebra sp parasites in populations of sm a22 -300 v1243 a

Prevalence of botfly (Cuterebra sp.) parasitism in populations of small mammals was studied in tallgrass prairie of northeastern Kansas during 1985-1987. Four species of rodents, Neotoma floridana, Peromyscus leucopus, P. maniculatus, and Reithrodontymys megalotis, were parasitized and all infestations occurred between 1 June and 30 September. Prevalence was greatest in July and August of all species. Proportions of N. floridana (0.31) and P. leucopus (0.24) parasitized were similar and significantly greater than those of P. maniculatus (0.08) and R. megalotis (0.02). Over 95% of the parasitized animals were adults with no differences noted due to sex. Parasitized individuals resided longer on the study area than unparasitized animals for N. floridana, P. leucopus and R. megalotis, but not P. maniculatus. The relationship between residence time and parasitism, as well as higher proportions of infestation for N. floridana and P. leucopus, probably due to overlap in preferred habitat (woody vegetation in ravines and contiguous lowlands) between adult Cuterebra and these rodents

10atallgrass prairie1 aClark, B.K.1 aKaufman, D.W. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/prevalence-botfly-cuterebra-sp-parasites-populations-small-mammals-eastern-kansas01904nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008400041210006900125300001500194490000700209520138000216653002201596100001601618700001801634856010601652 1990 eng d00aShort-term responses of small mammals to experimental fire in tallgrass prairie0 aShortterm responses of small mammals to experimental fire in tal a2450 -24540 v683 a

Short-term responses of small mammals to experimental fire were examined in a 13-ha site on the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area, Kansas. A 6.1 ha portion was burned in spring 1987, whereas the 6.9 ha control site was left unburned in 1987, as was the entire 13 ha in spring 1986. In the absence of fire, less than 1% of all small mammals (n=130) caught in both March and April 1986 completely shifted from one area to the opposite area. No differences occurred in appearance of new individuals between the two areas in April 1986. In April 1987, the Reithrodontomys megalotis (n=14) and Microtus ochrogaster (n=6) caught in the burned area before fire and recaught after fire moved to the unburned area, but no individual from either species move the opposite way. Most Synaptomys cooperi (75%, n=4) moved away from the burned area, but no animals were available to test for movements into the burned area. Most new individuals for fire-negative species were captured in the unburned area after fire: 93% of R. megalotis (n=46), 96% of Blarina hylophaga (n=27), 100% of M. ochrogaster (n=4), and 100% of S. cooperi (n=1). In contrast, Peromyscus maniculatus exhibited a fire-positive response, with one of four moving from unburned to burned and none of five moving the opposite way, and most new individuals recorded after fire were in the burned area (88%, n=24)

10atallgrass prairie1 aClark, B.K.1 aKaufman, D.W. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/short-term-responses-small-mammals-experimental-fire-tallgrass-prairie00572nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013100041210006900172260004300241300001100284490002100295100001600316856011800332 1989 eng d00aInfluence of plant litter and habitat structure on small mammal assemblages: experimental manipulations and field observations0 aInfluence of plant litter and habitat structure on small mammal  aManhattan, KSbKansas State University a1 -1250 vPhD Dissertation1 aClark, B.K. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/influence-plant-litter-and-habitat-structure-small-mammal-assemblages-experimental01685nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126300001300195490000700208520110300215653002201318100001601340700001801356700001601374700001801390856010701408 1989 eng d00aSmall mammals in tallgrass prairie: patterns associated with grazing and burning0 aSmall mammals in tallgrass prairie patterns associated with graz a177 -1840 v213 a

Impacts of cattle grazing and prescribed spring burning on small mammals were assessed in (1) ungrazed and unburned, (2) ungrazed and burned, and (3) grazed and burned grassland habitats in the Flint Hills of eastern Kansas. Twelve species of small mammals were represented by the 287 individuals captured. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus; 41% of all individuals), Elliot's short-tailed shrews (Blarina hylophaga; 22%), white-footed mice (P. leucopus; 14%), and prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster; 11%) were the four most common species. Deer mice avoided ungrazed, unburned sites, whereas Elliot's short-tailed shrews and prairie voles were most abundant in ungrazed, unburned habitats. Habitat use by these species was probably influenced by differences in amount of litter and vegetation cover resulting from grazing and burning. White-footed mice were most common in grazed, burned sites, probably due to the numerous shrub patches in this habitat. Assemblage diversity and total numbers of small mammals captured were not significantly influenced by either grazing or burning

10atallgrass prairie1 aClark, B.K.1 aKaufman, D.W.1 aFinck, E.J.1 aKaufman, G.A. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/small-mammals-tallgrass-prairie-patterns-associated-grazing-and-burning01536nas a2200181 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119300001300188490000800201520093700209653002201146100001601168700001801184700001801202700001601220700001501236856010301251 1988 eng d00aLong-distance movements by Reithrodontomys megalotis in tallgrass prairie0 aLongdistance movements by Reithrodontomys megalotis in tallgrass a276 -2810 v1203 a

During 6 years of small mammal trapping on Konza Prairie Research Natural Area, Kansas, we documented long-distance movements (defined as movements > 300 m) for 17 western harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis). Linear distance moved ranged from 375 to 3200 m (median=600 m; mean=1049m) for all individuals. Males moved significantly farther, but not more often than females. Sixteen of the 17 animals that moved were adults and included reproductively active individuals. Although < 2% of the more than 1400 R. megalotis we captured moved > 300 m, the actual percentage should be much higher since our trapping efforts were limited in space and time. Since long-distance movements of individuals may have a marked effect on the genetic, social and demographic characteristics of populations, future studies of small mammals should be designed to better assess the influence of these movements on local populations

10atallgrass prairie1 aClark, B.K.1 aKaufman, D.W.1 aKaufman, G.A.1 aFinck, E.J.1 aHand, S.S. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/long-distance-movements-reithrodontomys-megalotis-tallgrass-prairie01510nas a2200169 4500008004100000245005200041210005200093300001300145490000700158520100800165653002201173100001601195700001801211700001601229700001801245856007701263 1987 eng d00aUse of tallgrass prairie by Peromyscus leucopus0 aUse of tallgrass prairie by Peromyscus leucopus a158 -1600 v683 a

The white-footed mouse (Peromuscus leucopus) is a common resident of forests and woodlands but not grasslands in Kansas. Studies of P. leucopus on Konza Prairie Research Natural Area (KONZA) indicated that wooded microhabitats with a complex verticle structure of trees and shrubs were selected over wooded microhabitats that lacked a shrub layer. Even more striking was the near lack of use of grassland habitat contiguous with the wooded sites. In other regions, Geluso (1971) and Adler et al. (1984) have documented occasional use of grasslands by P. leucopus, especially when high densities were reached in adjacent wooded habitat. The purpose of this paper is to 1) document use of ungrazed tallgrass prairie by P. leucopus, 2) compare relative densities of P. leucopusacross three major habitats on KONZA (ungrazed tallgrass prairie, limestone ledges with shrubs and trees, and gallery forest), and 3)provide information on the distribution of P. leucopus within ungrazed grassland of KONZA

10atallgrass prairie1 aClark, B.K.1 aKaufman, D.W.1 aFinck, E.J.1 aKaufman, G.A. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/use-tallgrass-prairie-peromyscus-leucopus01354nas a2200205 4500008004100000245006300041210006200104300001300166490000700179520073500186653002200921100001600943700001800959700001800977700001600995700001601011700001901027700001601046856008601062 1986 eng d00aMammals of the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area, Kansas0 aMammals of the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area Kansas a153 -1660 v183 a

An annotated list of the mammals was compiled from trapping records and observation for the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area (KONZA), a tall-grass prairie in the Flint Hills of eastern Kansas. Thirty-one species, 1 opossum, 2 shrews, 1 mole, 1 rabbit, 17 rodents, 7 carnivores, and 2 ungulates, were recorded. Habitat use and range for each species were included relative to our experience with the animals on KONZA. Percent composition of small mammals was presented by habitat type for 15 species captured on 26 permanent live traplines from autumn 1981 to spring 1984. The likelihood of occurrence on KONZA was disscused for 15 species (8 bats, 1 hare, 2 rodents, and 4 carnivores) not presently recorded for the site

10atallgrass prairie1 aFinck, E.J.1 aKaufman, D.W.1 aKaufman, G.A.1 aGurtz, S.K.1 aClark, B.K.1 aMcLellan, L.J.1 aClark, B.S. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/mammals-konza-prairie-research-natural-area-kansas