02758nas a2200253   4500008004100000245008300041210006900124300001300193490000700206520200300213653001302216653002402229653001302253653000902266653001202275653001602287100001502303700001902318700002402337700002002361700001802381700001802399856008702417       2010                        eng d00aDevelopment of soil microbial communities during tallgrass prairie restoration0 aDevelopment of soil microbial communities during tallgrass prair  a302 -3120 v423 a<p>Soil microbial communities were examined in a chronosequence of four different land-use treatments at the Konza Prairie Biological Station, Kansas. The time series comprised a conventionally tilled cropland (CTC) developed on former prairie soils, two restored grasslands that were initiated on former agricultural soils in 1998 (RG98) and 1978 (RG78), and an annually burned native tallgrass prairie (BNP), all on similar soil types. In addition, an unburned native tallgrass prairie (UNP) and another grassland restored in 2000 (RG00) on a different soil type were studied to examine the effect of long-term fire exclusion vs. annual burning in native prairie and the influence of soil type on soil microbial communities in restored grasslands. Both 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and phospholipid fatty acid analyses indicated that the structure and composition of bacterial communities in the CTC soil were significantly different from those in prairie soils. Within the time series, soil physicochemical characteristics changed monotonically. However, changes in the microbial communities were not monotonic, and a transitional bacterial community formed during restoration that differed from communities in either the highly disturbed cropland or the undisturbed original prairie. The microbial communities of RG98 and RG00 grasslands were also significantly different even though they were restored at approximately the same time and were managed similarly; a result attributable to the differences in soil type and associated soil chemistry such as pH and Ca. Burning and seasonal effects on soil microbial communities were small. Similarly, changing plot size from 300 m2 to 150 m2 in area caused small differences in the estimates of microbial community structure. In conclusion, microbial community structure and biochemical properties of soil from the tallgrass prairie were strongly impacted by cultivation, and the microbial community was not fully restored even after 30 years.</p>10a16S rRNA10aBacterial community10aCropland10aPLFA10aprairie10arestoration1 aJangid, K.1 aWilliams, M.A.1 aFranzluebbers, A.J.1 aBlair, John, M.1 aColeman, D.C.1 aWhitman, W.B.  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0038071709004222?via%3Dihub02228nas a2200157   4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001300202490000700215520168900222653002201911100002201933700002401955700001701979856007401996       2002                        eng d00aEnvironmental controls on soil and whole-ecosystem respiration from a tallgrass prairie0 aEnvironmental controls on soil and wholeecosystem respiration fr  a254 -2620 v663 aEnvironmental controls on C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems are difficult to define, because (i) C fluxes from plant vs. microbial activity are difficult to separate, and (ii) controlling variables are often intercorrelated. We investigated temporal and spatial determinants of soil respiration and whole-ecosystem respiration using nighttime exposure of static chambers to alkali absorption during 2 yr on a tallgrass prairie in northeastern Kansas. Soil respiration (mg CO2-C m−2 h−1) was positively related to soil organic C (SOC, kg m−2 0.1 m−1) through linear regression [ CO 2 - C = −44 + (40 SOC ) , r2 = 0.71] Temporal variations in respiration were related to soil temperature, water-filled pore space (WFPS), and a plant growth rate function, with a combined R 2 of 0.76 for soil respiration and of 0.84 for whole-ecosystem respiration. Temporal variograms suggested that both soil and whole-ecosystem respiration became increasingly dissimilar the longer the time between measurements up to 30 d, while dissimilarity in soil temperature and WFPS leveled between 10 and 20 d of separation. A plant growth rate function was an important variable that controlled whole-ecosystem respiration, as well as soil respiration. The ratio of soil respiration to whole-ecosystem respiration was ≈0.4 during maximum plant growth (July) and approached a value of 1 during minimal plant growth (November to March). We conclude that whole-ecosystem respiration is under similar environmental controls as soil respiration, the main variables being soil organic C, soil temperature, WFPS, and plant growth rate, which all control the supply of readily mineralizable substrates.10atallgrass prairie1 aFranzluebbers, K.1 aFranzluebbers, A.J.1 aJawson, M.D.  uhttps://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/sssaj/abstracts/66/1/254