02534nas a2200181 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163300001300232490000700245520186700252653001902119100001602138700001802154700002202172700001602194700001902210856012302229 1988 eng d00aHydrologic and riparian influences on the import and storage of coarse particulate organic matter in a prairie stream0 aHydrologic and riparian influences on the import and storage of  a655 -6650 v453 a

The hydrologic regime and zonation of riparian vegetation influenced the quantity and quality of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM; greater than 1 mm) stored in the channel and upper bank of a prairie stream. In a 5.4 km intermittent reach of the South Branch of Kings Creek on Konza Prairie, Kansas, total annual import was lowest in headwater reaches and increased downstream. Total storage of benthic CPOM in the dry channel on the bank before the flow period was highest in the fourth- and fifth-order gallery forest zone (999 g ash-free dry mass.m-2) and less in upstream reaches (320-341 g.m-2). These longitudinal patterns of CPOM annual import and storage (before the flow period) were opposite those predicted by the river continuum concept for streams draining forested regions. Following flow, headwater channels had more CPOM (291 g.m-2) than downstream reaches. On the bank, storage was always highest in downstream reaches. Composition of CPOM both in the channel and on the bank varied with changes in riparian vegetation; grass tissues dominated in headwater channels, while wood and leaves of trees and shrubs were more abundant downstream. During the flow period, storage of CPOM increased only in headwater channels, where retention was high despite the lack of woody debris. In this intermittent prairie stream, benthic CPOM may not contribute consistently to the terrestrial/aquatic linkages that are suggested in the river continuum concept because of (1) a paucity of large CPOM sources (e.g. trees, shrubs) in the upper reaches and (2) a hydrologic regime that reduces the amount , as well as the predictability, of stored CPOM. The biota of prairie streams must have opportunistic food gathering and reproductive strategies to take advantage of variable food resources in a flow environment that is itself very unpredictable

10agallery forest1 aGurtz, M.E.1 aMarzolf, G.R.1 aKillingbeck, K.T.1 aSmith, D.L.1 aMcArthur, J.V. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/hydrologic-and-riparian-influences-import-and-storage-coarse-particulate-organic-matter02449nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147300001100216490000800227520189400235653001902129100001602148700001502164856012402179 1988 eng d00aHydrologic influences on leaf decomposition in a channel and adjacent bank of a gallery forest stream0 aHydrologic influences on leaf decomposition in a channel and adj a11 -210 v1203 a

Hydrologic extremes of flooding and drought typically occur each year in prairie streams. Two experiments were conducted in a fifth- order, gallery forest reach of King's Creek, Kansas, to assess the effect of hydrologic conditions on decomposition of leaves in the stream channel and on the adjacent floodplain. Temporal patterns of weight loss were examined in the first experiment. Leaves of bur oak and hackberry decomposed more rapidly in the channel than on the adjacent bank. A sharp drop in percent remaining for hackberry in the 2nd month (mid- December to mid-January) coincided with a period of high shredder densities on hackberry leaves. On the bank, decomposition of hackberry leaves was fastest during intervals that included one or more inundations of the leaf packs. Bur oak leaves decomposed more slowly than hackberry leaves and were influenced less by the hydrologic history. In the second experiment, spatial variation in decomposition rate of hackberry leaves was examined by placing 20 pairs of leaf packs in a transect extending from the center of the stream channel on the top of the upper bank. Position on the transect affected the frequency and duration of inundations on the floodplain, which ranged from one (minimum of 0.2 hr) to 17 times (272 cumulative hr under water), while three pairs of packs in the channel were always under water. The logarithm of percent remaining after 274 days was significantly correlated with number of hours inundated and number of times inundated, although other factors such as soil moisture or amount of flood-deposited silt may have influenced differences in decomposition rates along the transect. We concluded that flood frequency, during and timing affected both spatial and temporal patterns of decomposition, especially of a fast-decomposing species, in the riparian forest of an intermittent prairie stream

10agallery forest1 aGurtz, M.E.1 aTate, C.M. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/hydrologic-influences-leaf-decomposition-channel-and-adjacent-bank-gallery-forest-stream01700nas a2200145 4500008004100000245017100041210006900212300001300281490000700294520107500301653002201376100001501398700001601413856012501429 1986 eng d00aComparison of mass loss, nutrients, and invertebrates associated with elm leaf litter decomposition in perennial and intermittent reaches of tallgrass prairie streams0 aComparison of mass loss nutrients and invertebrates associated w a511 -5200 v313 a

Decay rates, nutrient content and invertebrates associated with American elm leaves were examined in an intermittent and a perennial stream draining adjacent tallgrass prairie watersheds (Konza Prairie, Kansas). Both streams were flowing in November 1981 when leaf packs were placed in the channel. Elm leaves decayed faster in the perennial stream than in either of two intermittent sites. Decay rates were not different between the two intermittent sites. There were no significant differences among sites in either nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) concentrations or carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios in elm leaves. N concentrations of the leaves increased during decomposition whereas P decreased in concentration for the first two months and then increased; C:N ratios in elm leaves decreased during decomposition. Initial leaching of leaves may provide a nutrient input into prairie streams; but decomposing leaf material may also act as a nutrient sink and compete with other ecosystem processes. Shredder insects were low in abundance or absent from leaf packs

10atallgrass prairie1 aTate, C.M.1 aGurtz, M.E. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/comparison-mass-loss-nutrients-and-invertebrates-associated-elm-leaf-litter-decomposition01532nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260008900182300001100271520098500282100001601267700001901283856009601302 1986 eng d00aDevelopment of research data management system: factors to consider0 aDevelopment of research data management system factors to consid aColumbia, SCbUniversity of South Carolina Press, Belle Baruch Marine Library No. 16 a23 -383 a

Ecological research sites share some common goals with respect to research data management (RDM). Minimum requirements, regardless of the size of the database or other site-organization and documentation of data sets, and development of procedures for data entry, quality assurance, archival, maintenance, and administration. The RDM budget must balance expenses among personnel, hardware and software, storage, and data exchange. Characteristics of the research program that influence these choices include the purpose of the data collection, the form of the data, size, and complexity of the database, type of analyses planned, dynamics of the database, number and expertise of investigators, and the need for network capabilities. Experiences in RDM at Konza Prairie support the idea that the data manager plays a key role and should be trained in the field of research. The RDM system should be institutionalized so that it can continue after the original staff is gone

1 aGurtz, M.E.1 aMichener, W.K. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/development-research-data-management-system-factors-consider01690nas a2200169 4500008004100000245016000041210006900201260005500270300001300325520097100338653002201309100001901331700001601350700001501366700001801381856012101399 1985 eng d00aThe interaction of biological and hydrologic phenomena that mediate the quality of water draining native prairie on the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area0 ainteraction of biological and hydrologic phenomena that mediate  aWashington DCbU.S. Enviromental Protection Agency a478 -4823 a

The quality of water from native landscapes in the baseline against which the impact of pollutants on surface water resources must be evaluated. The King's Creek watershed has been a U.S. Geological Survey benchmark watershed since 1979. It represents the landscape type tyat gave rise to much of the agricultural midwestern United States. Hydrologic, chemical, and biological measurements have been made by ecologists performing long-term ecological research (LTER) in tallgrass prairie. Streamwater chemistry varies seasonally with the amount and movement of groundwater and soil water, with changes in prairie vegetation, and in response to changes in surface water discharge. Concentrations of organic carbon, organ and inorganic nitrogen, and phosphorus increase during storm flows. The particulate fractions in transport and in storage in the stream bed and on the flood plain vary seasonally with recent hydrologic history and changes in vegetation

10atallgrass prairie1 aMcArthur, J.V.1 aGurtz, M.E.1 aTate, C.M.1 aGilliam, F.S. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/interaction-biological-and-hydrologic-phenomena-mediate-quality-water-draining-native01272nas a2200205 4500008004100000245004100041210004000082300001300122490000700135520072900142653001200871653001100883100001800894700001600912700001800928700001600946700001700962700001800979856006900997 1985 eng d00aLong-term research in stream ecology0 aLongterm research in stream ecology a346 -3530 v663 a

Many ecological phenomena occur on time scales of decades or centuries, and the need for long-term ecological research was recently emphasized in Likens' presidential address to the Ecological Society. In the past it has been difficult to investigate these phenomena with financial support from funding agencies. However, in 1980 the National Science Foundation established the Long-Term Ecological Research Program (LTER). LTER-sponsored studies are now underway in 11 sites representing different ecosystem types. The purpose of this article is to describe briefly the general characteristics of each site involved with stream ecology and to summarize the nature and objectives of stream research at these sites

10aecology10astream1 aWebster, J.R.1 aBlood, E.R.1 aGregory, S.V.1 aGurtz, M.E.1 aSparks, R.E.1 aThurman, E.M. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/long-term-research-stream-ecology00992nas a2200169 4500008004100000245005000041210004900091260005400140300001300194520044300207653002200650100002000672700001600692700001800708700001800726856007800744 1985 eng d00aWatershed research at Konza-tallgrass prairie0 aWatershed research at Konzatallgrass prairie aNew York, NYbAmerican Society of Civil Engineers a862 -8673 a

The Konza Prairie Research Natural Area is the only tallgrass prairie site in the network of Long-Term Ecological Research sites. Watershed research at Konza is designed to assist in increasing the understanding of water and nutrient cycling in the ecosystem and evaluating the role of fire and grazing on the maintenance of the ecosystem. Brief descriptions of the hydrology, instrumentation, and short- term results are presented

10atallgrass prairie1 aKoelliker, J.K.1 aGurtz, M.E.1 aMarzolf, G.R.1 aWaldrop, W.R. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/watershed-research-konza-tallgrass-prairie01822nas a2200217 4500008004100000245011800041210006900159300001000228490000800238520108700246653001901333653001201352653001101364653001401375100001601389700001801405700002201423700001601445700001901461856012401480 1982 eng d00aOrganic matter loading and processing in a pristine stream draining a tallgrass prairie/riparian forest watershed0 aOrganic matter loading and processing in a pristine stream drain a1 -780 v2303 a

The means by which organic matter enters and leaves streams and the rates at which it does so are significant determinants of water quality. This report documents the import, storage, decomposition, and export of organic matter in a prairie stream from natural sources in a watershed on the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area that contains no human activity other than ecological research. This prairie stream has features that differ from streams in forested watersheds. During this one-year study, the headwater channels were ephemeral and drained watersheds vegetated by grasses rather than trees. They received less organic matter from the watershed but retained a larger fraction of it. Intermittent third and fourth order channels flowed through riparian gallery forest in the lower portions of the watershed and received more organic matter than headwater channels. They retained less of it during the period of flow (i.e., more was exported during storm flows) so in situ decomposition was reduced. These exports represent pulses of organic matter loading downstream

10aorganic matter10aprairie10astream10atallgrass1 aGurtz, M.E.1 aMarzolf, G.R.1 aKillingbeck, K.T.1 aSmith, D.L.1 aMcArthur, J.V. uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/organic-matter-loading-and-processing-pristine-stream-draining-tallgrass-prairieriparian