02286nas a2200145   4500008004100000245013400041210006900175490000600244520174100250100001601991700002202007700002102029700001702050856007302067       2019                        eng d00aClimate affects plant-soil feedback of native and invasive grasses: negative feedbacks in stable but not in variable environments0 aClimate affects plantsoil feedback of native and invasive grasse0 v73 a<p>The plant-soil feedback framework allows researchers to target the interaction of plants and root-associated microbes and to determine its interplay on plant-plant interactions. Plant-soil feedbacks in terrestrial ecology are well-documented, but the strength and direction of feedbacks as influenced by abiotic environmental factors, such as temperature and soil moisture, has not been fully explored. In our study, we examined plant-soil feedback responses of both cool- and warm-season native and non-native grasses to elevated temperatures (ambient and +5&deg;C) and soil moisture (100 and 75% field capacity). In a previous experiment, grasses were grown under temperature and soil moisture conditions similar to our current study. The resultant trained soil communities served as the inoculum sources for our current experiment. We found that consistent training and experimental temperatures resulted in negative PSF, where plants produced greater biomass in soils conditioned by heterospecifics. However, the direction of PSF was reversed when training and experimental conditions were mismatched. That is, when training and experimental temperatures mirrored one another, negative PSF occurred, suggesting coexistence between the two species is likely under these conditions. However, when only training or testing temperatures were elevated, positive PSF were detected, favoring the non-native species. These alterations in plant-soil feedbacks were relatively consistent across pairings of warm- and cool-season grasses. Overall, our results indicate inconsistent year-to-year environmental conditions, such as extreme temperatures, may undermine the stabilizing forces of negative PSF and favor of non-native grasses.</p>1 aDuell, E.B.1 aZaiger, Katherine1 aBever, James, D.1 aWilson, G.T.  uhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2019.00419/full#h602183nas a2200349   4500008004100000245010800041210006900149490000800218520108400226100002401310700002101334700002401355700002001379700002001399700002701419700002201446700003001468700002401498700002501522700002501547700001801572700002401590700002601614700001801640700002001658700002201678700002601700700001801726700001701744700001901761856005301780       2018                        eng d00aEvolutionary history of plant hosts and fungal symbionts predicts the strength of mycorrhizal mutualism0 aEvolutionary history of plant hosts and fungal symbionts predict0 v1163 a<p>Most plants engage in symbioses with mycorrhizal fungi in soils and net consequences for plants vary widely from mutualism to parasitism. However, we lack a synthetic understanding of the evolutionary and ecological forces driving such variation for this or any other nutritional symbiosis. We used meta-analysis across 646 combinations of plants and fungi to show that evolutionary history explains substantially more variation in plant responses to mycorrhizal fungi than the ecological factors included in this study, such as nutrient fertilization and additional microbes. Evolutionary history also has a different influence on outcomes of ectomycorrhizal versus arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses; the former are best explained by the multiple evolutionary origins of ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in plants, while the latter are best explained by recent diversification in plants; both are also explained by evolution of specificity between plants and fungi. These results provide the foundation for a synthetic framework to predict the outcomes of nutritional mutualisms.</p>1 aHoeksema, Jason, D.1 aBever, James, D.1 aChakraborty, Sounak1 aChaudhary, Bala1 aGardes, Monique1 aGehring, Catherine, A.1 aHart, Miranda, M.1 aHousworth, Elizabeth, Ann1 aKaonongbua, Wittaya1 aKlironomos, John, N.1 aLajeunesse, Marc, J.1 aMeadow, James1 aMilligan, Brook, G.1 aPiculell, Bridget, J.1 aPringle, Anne1 aRúa, Megan, A.1 aUmbanhowar, James1 aViechtbauer, Wolfgang1 aWang, Yen-Wen1 aWilson, G.T.1 aZee, Peter, C.  uhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-018-0120-9