02980nas a2200385   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135300001800204490000600222520192900228100001602157700001902173700001602192700001602208700001402224700002102238700001502259700001602274700001702290700001602307700001502323700001502338700001502353700001502368700001602383700001802399700001802417700001902435700001502454700001402469700001702483700001302500700001202513856006902525       2021                        eng d00aSynergies among environmental science research and monitoring networks: A research agenda0 aSynergies among environmental science research and monitoring ne  ae2020EF0016310 v93 a<p>Many research and monitoring networks in recent decades have provided publicly available data documenting environmental and ecological change, but little is known about the status of efforts to synthesize this information across networks. We convened a working group to assess ongoing and potential cross‐network synthesis research and outline opportunities and challenges for the future, focusing on the US‐based research network (the US Long‐Term Ecological Research network, LTER) and monitoring network (the National Ecological Observatory Network, NEON). LTER‐NEON cross‐network research synergies arise from the potentials for LTER measurements, experiments, models, and observational studies to provide context and mechanisms for interpreting NEON data, and for NEON measurements to provide standardization and broad scale coverage that complement LTER studies. Initial cross‐network syntheses at co‐located sites in the LTER and NEON networks are addressing six broad topics: how long‐term vegetation change influences C fluxes; how detailed remotely sensed data reveal vegetation structure and function; aquatic‐terrestrial connections of nutrient cycling; ecosystem response to soil biogeochemistry and microbial processes; population and species responses to environmental change; and disturbance, stability and resilience. This initial study offers exciting potentials for expanded cross‐network syntheses involving multiple long‐term ecosystem processes at regional or continental scales. These potential syntheses could provide a pathway for the broader scientific community, beyond LTER and NEON, to engage in cross‐network science. These examples also apply to many other research and monitoring networks in the US and globally, and can guide scientists and research administrators in promoting broad‐scale research that supports resource management and environmental policy.</p>1 aJones, J.A.1 aGroffman, P.M.1 aBlair, J.M.1 aDavis, F.W.1 aDugan, H.1 aEuskirchen, E.E.1 aFrey, S.D.1 aHarms, T.K.1 aHinckley, E.1 aKosmala, M.1 aLoberg, S.1 aMalone, S.1 aNovick, K.1 aRecord, S.1 aRocha, A.V.1 aRuddell, B.L.1 aStanley, E.H.1 aSturtevant, C.1 aThorpe, A.1 aWhite, T.1 aWieder, W.R.1 aZhai, L.1 aZhu, K.  uhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020EF00163102406nas a2200445   4500008004100000245018600041210006900227520093600296653002601232653001901258653002701277653001601304653002401320653001201344653001401356653001401370653002501384653001801409653002101427653002801448653004101476653002301517653001801540653001401558653003201572653002801604100001901632700001601651700001501667700002401682700001901706700001901725700001601744700002001760700001601780700001601796700001601812700001201828856012001840       2012                        eng d00aLong-term trends in ecological systems: a basis for understanding responses to global change. USDA Agriculture Research Service Publication, Technical Bulletin 1931. Washington, D.C0 aLongterm trends in ecological systems a basis for understanding 3 a<p>Peters, D.P.C., C.M. Laney, A.E. Lugo, et al. 2013. Long-Term Trends in Ecological Systems: A Basis for Understanding Responses to Global Change. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin Number 1931. The EcoTrends Editorial Committee sorted through vast amounts of historical and ongoing data from 50 ecological sites in the continental United States including Alaska, several islands, and Antarctica to present in a logical format the variables commonly collected. This report presents a subset of data and variables from these sites and illustrates through detailed examples the value of comparing longterm data from different ecosystem types. This work provides cross-site comparisons of ecological responses to global change drivers, as well as longterm trends in global change drivers and responses at site and continental scales. Site descriptions and detailed data also are provided in the appendix section.</p>10aatmospheric chemistry10aClimate change10across-site comparisons10adisturbance10aecological response10aecology10aecosystem10aEcoTrends10aexperimental forests10aglobal change10ahuman demography10ahuman population growth10aLong Term Ecological Research (LTER)10along-term datasets10aPrecipitation10arangeland10arangeland research stations10asurface water chemistry1 aPeters, D.P.C.1 aLaney, C.M.1 aLugo, A.E.1 aCollins, Scott., L.1 aDriscoll, C.T.1 aGroffman, P.M.1 aGrove, J.M.1 aKnapp, Alan, K.1 aKratz, T.K.1 aOhman, M.D.1 aWaide, R.B.1 aYao, J.  uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/long-term-trends-ecological-systems-basis-understanding-responses-global-change-usda00830nas a2200229   4500008004100000245011100041210006900152260003800221300001300259100002000272700001400292700001900306700002000325700001600345700002200361700001500383700002000398700001800418700001800436700001800454856012800472       1999                        eng d00aSoil Carbon and nitrogen availability: Nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, soil respiration potentials0 aSoil Carbon and nitrogen availability Nitrogen mineralization ni  aNew YorkbOxford University Press  a258 -2711 aRobertson, G.P.1 aWedin, D.1 aGroffman, P.M.1 aBlair, John, M.1 aHolland, E.1 aNadelhoffer, K.J.1 aHarris, D.1 aRobertson, G.P.1 aBledsoe, C.S.1 aColeman, D.C.1 aSollins, P.S.  uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/soil-carbon-and-nitrogen-availability-nitrogen-mineralization-nitrification-soil-respiration02502nas a2200181   4500008004100000245006800041210006800109300001300177490000700190520192500197653002002122653000902142653001802151653001902169100001902188700001702207856009602224       1995                        eng d00aPlant productivity and nitrogen gas fluxes in tallgrass prairie0 aPlant productivity and nitrogen gas fluxes in tallgrass prairie  a255 -2660 v103 aWe explored relationships between plant productivity and annual fluxes of nitrogen (N2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in a tallgrass prairie landscape in central Kansas. Our objective was to develop predictive relationships between these variables that could be used in conjunction with remote sensing information on plant productivity to produce large-area estimates of N gas fluxes. Our hypothesis was that there are inherent relationships between plant productivity and N gas fluxes in tallgrass prairie because both are controlled by water and N availability. The research was carried out as part of a multi-investigator project, the First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE, ISLSCP = International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Program), directed toward the use of remote sensing to characterize land-atmosphere interactions. Fluxes of N2 (denitrification) and N2O were measured using soil core techniques. Estimates of annual flux were produced by temporal extrapolation of measured rates. Annual aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) was estimated from measurements of the maximum standing crop of plant biomass. There were strong relationships between ANPP and N gas fluxes, and between a satellite remote sensing-based index of plant productivity (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) and gas fluxes. We used these relationships to convert images of NDVI into images of N gas fluxes for one 83 ha watershed and for the entire 15 by 15 km FIFE site. These images were used to compute mean landscape gas fluxes (0.62 g N m-2 y-1 for N2, 0.66 g N m-2 y-1 for N2O) and total N gas production for the two areas. Our flux and production values are useful for comparison with values produced by simulation models and site-specific studies, and for assessing the significance of N gas production to ecosystem and landscape scale processes related to nutrient cycling, water quality and atmospheric chemistry.
10adenitrification10aNDVI10anitrous oxide10aremote sensing1 aGroffman, P.M.1 aTurner, C.L.  uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/plant-productivity-and-nitrogen-gas-fluxes-tallgrass-prairie02376nas a2200157   4500008004100000245005300041210005300094300001300147490000700160520189700167653002202064100001902086700001702105700001702122856007902139       1993                        eng d00aDenitrification in a tallgrass prairie landscape0 aDenitrification in a tallgrass prairie landscape  a855 -8620 v743 aWe characterized factors controlling denitrification and quantified rates of N gas production by this process in a tallgrass prairie landscape in central Kansas. The experimental design included three land use classes (unburned, annually burned, and annually burned and grazed) in factorial combination with three slope positions (summit, back—slope, toe—slope), plus a cultivated site in a toe—slope position (10 sites total). Denitrification was measured using an acetylene—based soil core technique four times in 1987, once in early 1988, and six times in 1989. Cores were incubated under field—moist conditions and after amendment with water or water plus nitrate. Microbial biomass and nitrification and dentrification enzyme activities were also measured. Denitrification was higher (P < .05) in unburned sites than in burned, and grazed, and cultivated sites in both 1987/1988 and 1989. The cultivated site consistently had low rates of denitrification relative to the native prairie sites, even when water and nitrate were added. Levels of microbial biomass C and nitrification and denitrification enzyme activities were an order of magnitude lower in the cultivated site than in the native prairie sites. Denitrification rates were highest in the early spring of 1987 and were low at all other times. Although temporal patterns of activity were generally related to patterns of soil moisture, water additions did not stimulate activity in ungrazed prairie soils. Water plus nitrate additions consistently gave significant increases in activity. The results are consistent with previous research that has found that unburned prairie is wetter and has higher concentrations of NO3— in soil solution than burned sites. In certain years, denitrification may be significant to site fertility, landscape water quality, and atmospheric chemistry in the tallgrass prairie region.10atallgrass prairie1 aGroffman, P.M.1 aRice, C., W.1 aTiedje, J.M.  uhttp://knz.lternet.edu/content/denitrification-tallgrass-prairie-landscape