02499nas a2200205   4500008004100000245009700041210006900138300001300207490000800220520184800228653000902076653002402085653002302109653002102132653002402153100001702177700001702194700001602211856006602227       2013                        eng d00aGenetic diversity of a dominant C4 grass is altered with increased precipitation variability0 aGenetic diversity of a dominant C4 grass is altered with increas  a571 -5810 v1713 a<p>Climate change has the potential to alter the genetic diversity of plant populations with consequences for community dynamics and ecosystem processes. Recent research focused on changes in climatic means has found evidence of decreased precipitation amounts reducing genetic diversity. However, increased variability in climatic regimes is also predicted with climate change, but the effects of this aspect of climate change on genetic diversity have yet to be investigated. After 10 years of experimentally increased intra-annual variability in growing season precipitation regimes, we report that the number of genotypes of the dominant C4 grass, Andropogon gerardii Vitman, has been significantly reduced in native tallgrass prairie compared with unmanipulated prairie. However, individuals showed a different pattern of genomic similarity with increased precipitation variability resulting in greater genome dissimilarity among individuals when compared to unmanipulated prairie. Further, we found that genomic dissimilarity was positively correlated with aboveground productivity in this system. The increased genomic dissimilarity among individuals in the altered treatment alongside evidence for a positive correlation of genomic dissimilarity with phenotypic variation suggests ecological sorting of genotypes may be occurring via niche differentiation. Overall, we found effects of more variable precipitation regimes on population-level genetic diversity were complex, emphasizing the need to look beyond genotype numbers for understanding the impacts of climate change on genetic diversity. Recognition that future climate change may alter aspects of genetic diversity in different ways suggests possible mechanisms by which plant populations may be able to retain a diversity of traits in the face of declining biodiversity.</p>10aAFLP10aAndropogon gerardii10aDice dissimilarity10adominant species10aGenotypic structure1 aAvolio, M.L.1 aBeaulieu, J.1 aSmith, M.D.  uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00442-012-2427-402191nas a2200217   4500008004100000245005400041210005400095300001500149490000800164520158300172653002401755653002301779653002101802653001401823653000901837100001701846700001701863700001101880700001601891856006601907       2012                        eng d00aMeasuring genetic diversity in ecological studies0 aMeasuring genetic diversity in ecological studies  a1105 -11150 v2133 a<p>There is an increasing interest in how genetic diversity may correlate with and influence community and ecosystem properties. Genetic diversity can be defined in multiple ways, and currently lacking in ecology is a consensus on how to measure genetic diversity. Here, we examine two broad classes of genetic diversity: genotype-based and genome-based measures. Genotype-based measures, such as genotypic richness, are more commonly used in ecological studies, and often it is assumed that as genotypic diversity increases, genomic diversity (the number of genetic polymorphisms and/or genomic dissimilarity among individuals) also increases. However, this assumption is rarely assessed. We tested this assumption by investigating correlations between genotype- and genome-based measures of diversity using two plant population genetic datasets: one observational with data collected at Konza Prairie, KS, and the other based on simulated populations with five levels of genotypic richness, a typical design of genetic diversity experiments. We found conflicting results for both datasets; we found a mismatch between genotypic and genomic diversity measures for the field data, but not the simulated data. Last, we tested the consequences of this mismatch and found that correlations between genetic diversity and community/ecosystem properties depended on metric used. Ultimately, we argue that genome-based measures should be included in future studies alongside genotypic-based measures because they capture a greater spectrum of genetic differences among individuals.</p>10aCommunity diversity10aEcosystem function10aGenome diversity10aPhenotype10aSGDC1 aAvolio, M.L.1 aBeaulieu, J.1 aLo, E.1 aSmith, M.D.  uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11258-012-0069-6