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Canopy coverage and frequency of plant species were estimated visually in 20 circular 10 sq m plots. Six treatments were sampled, three ungrazed and three to be grazed (in the future) by native grazers (bison). In each case, one of the three watersheds was unburned, another burned annually in April, and the third burned every four years in April. In each treatment two soils were sampled: a lower slope deep fertile non-rocky soil (Tully silty clay loam) and a shallow rocky soil (Florence cherty silt loam) on level to gently sloping ridges.